Theory : Principle of vernier calipers – N divisions on the vernier scale is equal to (N-1) divisions on the main scale.
Example;
vernier scale is constructed by taking 49 main scale divisions dividing them into 50 divisions
ie. 49mm divided into 50 parts
therfore
1 vsd=49/50 mm=0.98mm
1 MSD=1mm
Substituting in formula
L.C = 1 M.S.D - 1 V.S.D
L.C=1-0.98=0.02mm
N V.S.D = (N-1) M.S.D
1 V.S.D = M.S.D
Least count (L.C) of vernier calipers : Minimum length or thickness measurable with the vernier calipers is called its least count.
Least count (L.C) = 1 M.S.D – 1 V.S.D
L.C = 1 M.S.D – M.S.D
L.C = 1 M.S.D [ 1-]
L.C = =
Where S is the value of one Main scale division and N is the number of equal divisions on the vernier scale.
The least count of the vernier can be measured by using the formula stated below.
Least count (L.C) = 1 M.S.D - 1 V.S.DExample;
vernier scale is constructed by taking 49 main scale divisions dividing them into 50 divisions
ie. 49mm divided into 50 parts
therfore
1 vsd=49/50 mm=0.98mm
1 MSD=1mm
Substituting in formula
L.C = 1 M.S.D - 1 V.S.D
L.C=1-0.98=0.02mm







To change the value for Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level parameter in Vista, run elevated command prompt, and then type in one of the following commands, depending on your preference how you want Vista to use the RWIN size.
netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=disabled